What is a contracture?

A contracture is defined as a permanent shortening of a muscle or muscle-tendon unit that leads to the restriction of movement in a joint. This condition occurs when there is a lack of use or prolonged immobility of the muscle, resulting in the muscle fibers becoming fibrotic and shortening. It can occur in various conditions, such as after surgery, due to muscle spasticity, or in individuals with certain diseases.

Understanding this definition helps to recognize that unlike a temporary muscle tightening, which may resolve spontaneously, or muscle spasms that can also be transient, a contracture persists and often requires intervention for management. This distinction is crucial for caregivers and healthcare professionals, as it informs them about the importance of maintaining mobility and flexibility in patients to prevent the development of contractures.